May 6th is a significant holiday in Bulgaria, celebrating two deeply rooted traditions. It is both St. George’s Day, a famous Christian saint, a name day for many Bulgarians, as “Georgi” is one of the most popular names in the country, and the Day of Bravery and the Bulgarian Army, which is an official national holiday.
George. St. George
On this day, the Bulgarian Orthodox Church honors the memory of St. George the Victorious, a martyr for the Christian faith who is traditionally venerated as a warrior saint and protector of soldiers. St. George’s Day is always observed on May 6th and is not a movable feast. Interestingly, because St. George is also respected in Islam, the holiday is sometimes informally celebrated by Muslim communities as well, reflecting a shared regional heritage. Various theories exist about the holiday’s origin: some trace it back to the ancient Thracians, others to the early Slavs, or even to Proto-Bulgarian traditions from Asia.
In Bulgarian folk culture, St. George’s Day marks the beginning of the summer agricultural season, which concludes in October with the feast of St. Dimitar (Demetrius). St. George is associated with the flourishing of nature, livestock, and farming. Dew and rain on this day are seen as signs of good fortune, especially for farmers. St. George is considered the foremost protector of livestock, and many traditional rituals aim to ensure the health and fertility of animals. It is customary to eat lamb on this day. In villages and towns that keep the tradition, people roast lamb on skewers, often choosing the animal to be served (sacrificed) according to specific beliefs—such as the first lamb born that year, a male lamb, or one with symbolic white coloring.
People also built swings for St. George’s Day, where women are swung by men in a ritual with playful songs and hidden marital or sexual symbolism. Folk customs also include fortune-telling practices like interpreting signs from lamb bones, morning dew, and other natural elements. St. George is often linked to reptiles as well, and in the past, hunting snakes was a common practice on this day.
The Day of the Bravery and the Bulgarian Army Day
While St. George is celebrted for centuries, The Day of Bravery has been celebrated by the Bulgarian Army since 1880. Prince Alexander I of Battenberg began awarding soldiers on this day for acts of valor, some 50 years later May 6th was officially declared the professional holiday of the Bulgarian Army. During the communist era, this celebration was suspended, but it was reinstated after the regime fell.
Fun fact: Until 2012, the military parade in Sofia followed the old totalitarian route: from the Presidency to St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, passing the site of the former mausoleum, where party leaders once stood. The mauseleum was located in fron of the ex-Royal Palace, which later became gallery. Today it is a small green garden. Since 2012, the direction of the parade has been reversed. Now it starts at the cathedral and proceeds past the Central Military Club to the Presidency, reviving the tradition of soldiers saluting their commanders, just as Bulgarian officers once saluted the monarch from in front of the Royal Palace.
Today, the holiday is marked by a memorial service for fallen soldiers, a prayer for the living, and the ceremonial blessing of battle flags and holy banners. Wreaths and flowers are laid in remembrance of those who died in service. Some years feature parades with military equipment, in others, uniformed servicemen from various branches (infantry, navy, air force) march through the main streets. Some museums invite vistors and are open to all, free admission on this day. Among these usually are National Historical Museum in Sofia, the National Museum of Military History, and the Aviation Museum near Plovdiv.
Short story long and why there are militaries, healing dew and brides on the same date?
St. George is always depicted on horseback, slaying a dragon (or serpent). He was a warriror who saved а city, whose inhabitants were being terrorized by a man-eating dragon to whom they sacrificed their children. One time the lot fell on the king’s daughter. Even the king with all his gold and power could not save his daughter and was sent out to the lake where the dragon lived, dressed as a bride, to be fed to the dragon. St. George wounded the dragon and led it into the city, where he beheaded it. At St. George’s call, tens of thousands of people converted to Christianity, and a church was built on the site where the dragon died. During its consecration, a spring of healing water miraculously appeared.
Check local event listings to see what’s planned for May 6th in Sofia and across the country!
Whether you take part in the traditional folk and religious customs of St. George’s Day or the official commemorations of Bulgarian Army Day, you’ll gain a fascinating insight into Bulgaria’s culture and history.
