Traveling or living in a foreign country always involves navigating cultural differences that can sometimes lead to awkward situations, especially if you’re unaware of local customs and sensitivities. Bulgaria is a country with a rich history, deep-rooted traditions, and a strong sense of national pride. While Bulgarians are generally hospitable and welcoming, certain missteps can unintentionally cause offense.
If you want to build positive relationships and avoid awkward encounters, it helps to understand which topics and behaviors may be considered sensitive. In this guide, we’ll walk you through some key aspects of Bulgarian etiquette and offer practical advice on how to avoid common cultural faux pas.
- Avoid Political Debates
- Avoid Generalizing About “East” and “West”
- Show Respect for Bulgarian History and Traditions
- Don’t Compare Bulgarian Cuisine to Others
- Don’t Mock the Language or Accent
- Respect Personal Space and Time
- Sofia vs. the Countryside
- Watch Your Gestures and Body Language
- How to Have a Positive Experience in Bulgaria?
Avoid Political Debates
Bulgaria has a complicated political past ranging from Ottoman occupation to decades of socialism, followed by a transition to democracy. Political views in Bulgaria are often sharply divided, and discussing them can lead to tense conversations. It’s best to steer clear of political topics unless you’re speaking with close friends who are open to discussion.
Here are some especially sensitive areas:
- Socialism vs. Capitalism: Many Bulgarians feel nostalgic about the socialist era, recalling job security and social benefits. Others remember it as a time of repression and censorship. Interestingly, even younger people who didn’t experience socialism firsthand may express admiration for that period. These differing views can quickly escalate into heated debates.
- EU and NATO Membership: While Bulgaria is a member of both organizations, support among the population isn’t unanimous. Opinions vary, and the topic frequently stirs up parliamentary and public debate.
- The War in Ukraine and Attitudes Toward Russia: This is currently one of the most divisive issues in Bulgaria. Some people strongly support Ukraine, others sympathize with Russia, and many simply prefer not to discuss it. If you hear an opinion you disagree with, it’s wise to stay tactful or change the subject.
- Nationalism and Regional Disputes: Issues related to neighboring countries like North Macedonia can also be highly sensitive. Nationalist rhetoric is often used for political purposes, and extremist groups exist, particularly in rural areas. If a political conversation arises, it’s usually safer to listen rather than take a strong position, even if you’re confident in your facts.
Avoid Generalizing About “East” and “West”
Bulgarians take pride in their national identity and often dislike being lumped into vague regional categories such as “Eastern Europeans” or “Balkan peoples.” Phrases like “Things are slower here than in the West” or “Bulgaria lacks Western work culture” can come off as patronizing, even if they seem accurate in a given context.
Instead, focus on appreciating what makes Bulgaria unique. A little respect goes a long way in avoiding offense.
Show Respect for Bulgarian History and Traditions
Bulgaria is one of the oldest countries in Europe, dating back to 681 AD. Bulgarians are deeply proud of their cultural heritage. To avoid missteps, it’s important to know a few key facts:
- Cyrillic Alphabet: The Cyrillic script was developed in Bulgaria by St. Clement of Ohrid and St. Naum, students of St. Cyril and Methodius. It’s not the “Russian alphabet,” even though it’s used in Russia. Referring to it as such can be offensive.
- Ottoman Resistance: Bulgarians are proud of their centuries-long resistance against Ottoman rule. Dismissing or minimizing the role of Bulgarian revolutionaries is seen as disrespectful.
- Local Customs: If you’re invited to participate in a traditional celebration such as Baba Marta or, Koleda (Christmas), show interest and respect. Traditions vary by region, so don’t hesitate to ask your hosts about the meaning or etiquette behind each ritual. People will appreciate your curiosity and effort.
Don’t Compare Bulgarian Cuisine to Others
Bulgarian food is a source of national pride. While it shares similarities with other Balkan and Mediterranean cuisines, locals prefer to highlight its distinctiveness. Comments like “This gyuvech reminds me of Greek moussaka,” or “Banitsa is just like Serbian burek,” can come across as dismissive.
Instead, compliment the food and ask about traditional recipes. Although Bulgarian cuisine is undeniably influenced by neighboring countries, Bulgarians see it as unique and rightly so. Dishes like shopska salad, banitsa, tarator, and lyutenitsa are local staples with deep cultural significance.
Don’t Mock the Language or Accent
Bulgarian is a challenging language for foreigners, and any effort you make to speak it, even just a few words, is usually appreciated. However, avoid mimicking the accent or making jokes about how it sounds.
Likewise, if a Bulgarian is speaking a foreign language, don’t correct their grammar unless they specifically ask for help. Many people speak English or another language well but may still feel self-conscious about making mistakes. Creating a comfortable atmosphere is more helpful than pointing out errors.
Also, avoid using Russian words assuming they’ll be understood. While older generations may know some Russian, younger Bulgarians often don’t, and some actively avoid it due to geopolitical tensions. Since the war in Ukraine began, the use of Russian has become a contentious topic. Misusing Russian or confusing it with Ukrainian can irritate some people.
Respect Personal Space and Time
In Bulgaria, especially in smaller towns, the pace of life is slower. Don’t expect fast service everywhere, and be prepared to wait while people engage in small talk, especially in local shops where everyone knows each other.
When it comes to personal questions, tread carefully. Asking about someone’s salary, marital status, or religion may be seen as intrusive. While Bulgarians are often curious about others, they can be equally private when it comes to their own lives.
Being punctual is appreciated, but don’t be surprised if a Bulgarian is a little late. In informal settings, plans often shift or change at the last minute. Flexibility is key.
Sofia vs. the Countryside
There is a subtle but noticeable divide between Sofia and the rest of the country, rooted in economic, cultural, and political differences. Sofia generates over 40% of Bulgaria’s GDP and enjoys better infrastructure, education, and healthcare. In contrast, many rural areas face challenges like depopulation, lower wages, and limited public services.
This divide isn’t a hostile rivalry but more of a structural imbalance. If this topic comes up, try not to take sides. Show appreciation for both:
- In Sofia, you might say, “The capital is vibrant and full of cultural events.”
- In rural areas, you can comment, “These towns have such rich history and warm hospitality.”
This balanced approach will win you respect in both settings.
Watch Your Gestures and Body Language
Nonverbal communication can be just as important as words, and just as tricky. One of the most famous cultural quirks in Bulgaria is how people nod and shake their heads:
- A nod means “no.”
- A head shake means “yes.”
This can be confusing for visitors but is deeply ingrained in Bulgarian culture. Pay attention and follow local cues.
Avoid pointing fingers, which is considered rude. Also, don’t use gestures that could be interpreted as offensive or politically charged, such as Nazi salutes, even in jest.
How to Have a Positive Experience in Bulgaria?
The key to a positive experience in Bulgaria is respect and curiosity. If you take the time to learn about local customs, avoid controversial topics, and approach people with humility, you’ll be met with warmth and hospitality.
Bulgarians are generally tolerant of foreigners, especially those who make an effort to understand the culture. And if you do make a mistake, which happens to everyone, a sincere apology goes a long way.
Traveling is about learning, adapting, and connecting. By keeping these tips in mind, you’ll not only avoid causing offense but also build deeper, more meaningful relationships with the people you meet in Bulgaria.